Intended for healthcare professionals

Surgeon looking focused while performing surgery.
Surgeon looking focused while performing surgery.

Plus Antibacterial Sutures

Since 2014, more than 1 billion individual Plus Suture strands have been sold worldwide.1-2

More than 25 health organizations around the world recommend triclosan-coated sutures in an SSI prevention bundle based on RCTs that predominantly used ETHICON™ Plus Antibacterial Sutures.3-28

Map of the world with pins pointing out 25 health organizations.

“The panel suggests the use of triclosan-coated sutures for the purpose of reducing the risk of SSI, independent of the type of surgery.”29A


– World Health Organization

PLUS Antibacterial Sutures are the proven standard in a number of countries worldwide.

60+ markets have moved to Plus Antibacterial Sutures.2

60+ world flags.
An older couple sitting together on a hospital bed, looking happy and healthy.

Every suture counts when it comes to reducing SSI risk

The use of non-coated sutures, compared with Triclosan-coated Sutures was found to increase the risk of SSI by 1.4 times.30


Suture material is a risk factor for SSI. Bacteria can colonize on the suture developing a polymicrobial biofilm which increases the likelihood of an SSI.31

An older couple sitting together on a hospital bed, looking happy and healthy.

Every suture counts when it comes to reducing SSI risk

The use of non-coated sutures, compared with Triclosan-coated Sutures was found to increase the risk of SSI by 1.4 times.30


Suture material is a risk factor for SSI. Bacteria can colonize on the suture developing a polymicrobial biofilm which increases the likelihood of an SSI.31

Why PLUS Antibacterial Sutures?

~30%

of healthcare acquired infections are SSIs32

1-3%

SSI occurrence in patients undergoing inpatient surgery33

x2

Patients with an SSI are twice as likely to die33

x2

Patients with an SSI are twice as likely to be readmitted after discharge35

3.7B

SSIs account for $3.7 billion annually in healthcare expenditure.32

8 days

Patients with an SSI were associated with longer length of stay34

Plus Sutures inhibit bacterial colonization of the suture even after direct challenge with bacteria.36-39BC

The proven standard

Plus Sutures were associated with up to a 29% reduction in the risk of surgical site
infection in multiple recent meta-analyses.40-45DE

Proven SSI Risk Reduction

Plus sutures have been proven to reduce the risk of surgical site infections.

See the evidence

26 Meta-analyses

Plus Antibacterial Sutures were studied in 26 Peer Reviewed Meta-analyses with ~20,000 patients per trial46-72F, in 52 randomized controlled trials. 

Evidence

Jalalzadeh Meta-Analysis: Article on triclosan-containing sutures for the prevention of surgical site infection.

Jalalzadeh Meta-Analysis

Triclosan-Containing Sutures for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection

View article
Otto-Lambertz Meta-Analysis: Article on if triclosan-coated sutures can reduce the postoperative rate of wound infection.

Otto-Lambertz Meta-Analysis

Can triclosan-coated sutures reduce the postoperative rate of wound infection? Data from a systematic review and meta-analysis

View article
De Jonge Meta-Analysis: Article on triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical site infection.

De Jonge Meta-Analysis

Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical site infection

View article

“There is zero reason to not be using Plus Sutures in your patients now.”

–Steve Mapula, MD, Plastic Surgeon 

“Standardize to what is recommended in the guidelines.”

–Peter Graves, BSN, RN, CNOR, Infection Prevention Consultant

PLUS Antibacterial Sutures

A comprehensive portfolio for every need

Join the wound closure standard today. Reach out to a member of your Wound Closure and Healing team to discuss how to make the change.

See our full product catalog
Triclosan has in vitro activity that inhibits bacterial colonization of the suture. For illustration purposes only.

What is Triclosan?

Triclosan (TCS), also known as 5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol, is a synthetic antiseptic developed in the 1960s.


For over six decades, triclosan has been widely used as a preservative in personal care, cosmetic and household products, and as an active ingredient in certain hygiene and medical products.73


It works against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as yeast and fungi. It’s antimicrobial action comes from blocking the enzyme enoyl-acyl carrier-protein reductase, which is vital for building cell membranes in many bacteria and fungi. 

Frequently asked questions

References

For complete indications, contraindications, warnings, precautions, and adverse reactions, please reference full package insert.

A. WHO, CDC, and ACS/SIS guidelines on reducing the risk of surgical site infections are general to triclosan-coated sutures and are not specific to any one brand. *In multiple meta-analyses

B. In vitro 

C. Pre-clinical test data/results may not necessarily be indicative of human clinical performance (or outcomes). 

D. All triclosan-coated sutures in these RCTs were Ethicon Plus Antibacterial Sutures (MONOCRYL™ Plus, VICRYL™ Plus, and PDS™ Plus)

E. [If first mention: All triclosan-coated sutures in these RCTs were Ethicon Plus Antibacterial Sutures (MONOCRYL™ Plus Antibacterial [poliglecaprone 25] Suture, Coated VICRYL™ Plus Antibacterial [polyglactin 910] Suture, and PDS™ Plus Antibacterial [polydioxanone] Suture). STRATAFIX™ are the only barbed sutures with Plus Antibacterial Technology] 

F. Based on a review of the global literature. Search date: 2025


  1. Ethicon, 20230904 Global Business Insights Data on Plus Sutures Claim, Global Finance, Strive data. August 2023.  
  2. Ethicon, SAS YTD ACT 1. 2025  
  3. Berrios-Torres SI, Umscheid CA, Bratzler DW, et al. Centers for disease control and prevention guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection, 2017. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(8):784-791. 
  4. Ban KA, Minei JP, Laronga C, et al. American college of surgeons and surgical infection society: surgical site infection guidelines, 2016 update. J Am Coll Surg. 2017; 224(1):59-74. 
  5. NICE Guideline Updates Team (UK). Surgical site infection: prevention and treatment. Updated April NICE website. Updated August 19, 2020. Accessed November 14, 2022 at https:__www.nice.org.uk_guidance_ng125_chapter_Recommendations#closuremethods 
  6. World Health Organization. Global guidelines for the prevention of surgical site infection. Accessed November 14, 2022 at https:__apps.who.int_iris_bitstream_handle_10665_277399_9789241550475-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 
  7. Prevention of postoperative wound infections. Recommendation of the Committee for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO) at the Robert Koch Institute. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 2018;61(4):448-473. 
  8. Asia Pacific Society of Infection Control (APSIC). The APSIC Guidelines for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections. February, 2019. 
  9. National Health and Medical Research Council. Australian guidelines for the prevention and control of infection in healthcare. 2019. Accessed on November 14, 2022 at https:__www.nhmrc.gov.au_sites_default_files_documents_infection-control-guidelines-feb2020.pdf 
  10. Chinese Society of Surgical Infection and Intensive Care; Chinese Society of Surgery; Chinese Medical Association; Chinese College of Gastrointestinal Fistula Surgeons; Chinese College of Surgeons; Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Chinese guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2019;22(4):301-314. 
  11. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; Government of India. National guidelines for infection prevention and control in healthcare facilities. January, 2020. Accessed on November 14, 2022 at https:__www.mohfw.gov.in_pdf_National%20Guidelines%20for%20IPC%20in%20HCF%20-%20final%281%29.pdf 
  12. The Japanese Orthopaedic Association; Japanese Society for Study of Bone and Joint Infections, eds. Clinical Practice Guideline on the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections in Bone and Joint, 2015. 2nd rev ed. Tokyo, Japan: Nankodo Co., Ltd; 2015. 
  13. Ohge H, Mayumi T, Haji S, et al; The Committee for Gastroenterological Surgical Site Infection Guidelines; the Japan Society for Surgical Infection. The Japan Society for Surgical Infection: guidelines for the prevention, detection, and management of gastroenterological surgical site infection, 2018. Surg Today. 2021;51(1):1-31. 
  14. The National and Public University Hospital Infection Control Council, ed. Hospital Infection Control Guidelines, 2018 Edition. 5th ed. Jiho, Inc; 2018. 
  15. Saguil EA, Bermudez ANC, Antonio CAT, Cochon KL. Consensus recommendations on the prevention and management of surgical site infections (SSI) in the Philippine setting. PJSS. 2017;72(2):70-80. 
  16. Lohsiriwat V, Chinswangwatanakul V, Lohsiriwat D, et al; the Surgical Infection Society of Thailand. Guidelines for the prevention of surgical site infection: the Surgical Infection Society of Thailand recommendations (executive summary). J Med Assoc Thai. 2020;103:99-105. 
  17. Sartelli M, Cortese F, Scatizzi M, et al. ACOI Surgical Site Infections Management Academy. Recommendations on the prevention of surgical site infections. Journal of the Italian Surgical Association. 2022;42:2 
  18. Federatie Medisch Specialisten. Prevention of postoperative wound infections: module on triclosan-coated sutures. Utrecht, the Netherlands: Federatie Medisch Specialisten; December 1, 2024. 
  19. De Simone B, Sartelli M, Coccolini F, et al. Intraoperative surgical site infection control and prevention: a position paper and future addendum to WSES intra-abdominal infections guidelines. World J Emerg Surg. 2020;15:10. doi:10.1186/s13017-020-0288-4. 
  20. Federal Ministry of Health Ethiopia. National Infection Prevention and Control Reference Manual for Healthcare Service Providers and Managers. Volume 2: Advanced and Special Settings Infection Prevention and Control. 3rd ed. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Federal Ministry of Health; 2023. 
  21. Forrester JD, Seshadri A, Patel N, et al; Therapeutics and Guidelines Committee of the Surgical Infection Society. Surgical Infection Society guidelines for use of antimicrobial agent-coated suture to reduce the risk of surgical site infection after abdominal operation. Surg Infect (Larchmt). Published online 2025. doi:10.1089/sur.2025.011. 
  22. Department of Health (Ireland). NCEC National Clinical Guideline No. 30: Infection Prevention and Control. Volume 1. Dublin, Ireland: Department of Health; 2023. 
  23. Korean Surgical Infection Society. Journal of Surgical Infection. 2025;10(2). Seoul, Korea: Korean Surgical Infection Society; September 30, 2025. 
  24. Ministry of Health and Wellness (Republic of Mauritius). National Guidelines on Infection Prevention and Control for the Republic of Mauritius. Version 2.0. Port Louis, Mauritius: Ministry of Health and Wellness; 2025. 
  25. Ministry of Public Health Qatar. National Clinical Guideline: The Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Surgical Site Infection in Adults and Children. Version 1.0. Doha, Qatar: Ministry of Public Health; February 24, 2021. 
  26. Calderwood MS, Anderson DJ, Bratzler DW, et al. Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 Update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2023;1-26. doi:10.1017/ice.2023.67 
  27. Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population, Republic of Tajikistan. National Guidelines on Infection Prevention and Infection Control in the Republic of Tajikistan. Dushanbe, Tajikistan: Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population, Republic of Tajikistan; 2023. 
  28. Giamarellou H, Antoniadou A. Preparing the patient for surgery. In: Rosenthal VD, ed. Guide to Infection Control in the Hospital. International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2018. 
  29. World Health Organization. Global guidelines for the prevention of surgical site infection. Accessed November 14, 2022 at https:__apps.who.int_iris_bitstream_handle_10665_277399_9789241550475-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
  30. Bustamante Montalvo M, Cainzos M, Carreiras LP et al., Evaluation of the effect of triclosan coated sutures in the prevention of surgical site infections in a Spanish hospital setting: A prospective, observational study, Infection Prevention in Practice, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2021100154.  
  31. Edwards M, Graziadio S, Shore J, et al. Plus Sutures for preventing surgical site infection: a systematic review of clinical outcomes with economic and environmental models. BMC Surg. 2023 Oct 3;23(1):300  
  32. Forrester JD, Maggio PM, Tennakoon L. Cost of Health Care-Associated Infections in the United States. J Patient Saf. 2022 Mar 1:18(2):e477-e479. doi: 10.1097/PTS.0000000000000845. PMID: 33881808  
  33. Calderwood MS, Anderson DJ, Bratzler DW, et al. Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute-care hospitals: 2023  
  34. Hasan B, Bechenati D, Bethel HM, Cho S, Rajjoub NS, Murad ST, Kabbara Allababidi A, Rajjo TI, Yousufuddin M. A Systematic Review of Length of Stay Linked to Hospital-Acquired Falls, Pressure Ulcers, Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections, and Surgical Site Infections. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2025 Apr 8;9 (3):100607. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2025.100607. PMID: 40256621; PMCID: PMC12008517.  
  35. Shambhu, Sonali et al. The Burden of Health Care Utilization, Cost, and Mortality Associated with Select Surgical Site Infections. Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, Volume 50, Issue 12, 857 - 866  
  36. Edmiston CE, Seabrook GR, Goheen MP, et al. Bacterial adherence to surgical sutures: can antibacterial-coated sutures reduce the risk of microbial contamination? J Am Coll Surg. 2006;203:481-489.  
  37. Rothenburger S, Spangler D, Bhende S, Burkley D. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of Coated VICRYL® Plus Antibacterial Suture (coated polyglactin 910 with triclosan) using zone of inhibition assays. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2002;3 Suppl 1:S79-87.  
  38. Ming X, Rothenburger S, Nichols MM. In Vivo and In Vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of PDS Plus (Polidioxanone with Triclosan) Suture. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2008;9(4):451-457.  
  39. Ming X, Rothenburger S, Yang D. In vitro antibacterial efficacy of MONOCRYL plus antibacterial suture (Poliglecaprone 25 with triclosan). Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2007 Apr;8(2):201-8.  
  40. de Jonge SW, Atema JJ, Solomkin JS, Boermeester MA. Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical site infection. Brit J Surg. 2017;ePub-DOI: 10.1002_bjs.10445.  
  41. Miyoshi N, Fujino S; Clinical Study Group of Osaka University; Colorectal Cancer Treatment Group (CSGOCG). Triclosan-coated sutures to reduce surgical site infection in abdominal gastrointestinal surgery: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Surg Open Sci. 2023 Sep 14;16:73-76.  
  42. Edwards M, Graziadio S, Shore J, et al. Plus Sutures for preventing surgical site infection: a systematic review of clinical outcomes with economic and environmental models. BMC Surg. 2023 Oct 3;23(1):300.  
  43. Suleiman AS, Abbass M, Hossain M, Choudhary P, Bhattacharya P, Islam MA. Impact of antibiotic-coated sutures on surgical site infections: a second-order meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2024 Jan 1;110(1):507-519. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000822. PMID: 37830948; PMCID: PMC10793740. https://journals.lww.com/international-journal-of-surgery/fulltext/2024/01000/impact_of_antibiotic_coated_sutures_on_surgical.51.aspx.  
  44. Jalalzadeh H, Timmer AS, Buis DR, et al. Triclosan-Containing Sutures for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(3):e250306. Published 2025 Mar 3. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0306.  
  45. Jenks PJ, Laurent M, McQuarry S,Watkins R. Clinical and economic burden of surgical site infection (SSI) and predicted financial consequences of elimination of SSI from an English hospital. J Hosp Infect 2014; 86: 24–33.  
  46. Chang WK,Srinivasa S, Morton R, Hill AG. Triclosan-impregnated sutures to decrease surgical site infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Annals of Surgery. 2012; 255(5): 854-59. 
  47. Wang ZX, Jiang CP, Cao Y, Ding YT. Systematic review and meta-analysis of triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical-site infection. British Journal of Surgery. 2013; 100(4): 465-73. 
  48. Sajid MS, Craciunas L, Sains P, Singh KK, Baig MK. Use of antibacterial sutures for skin closure in controlling surgical site infections: a systematic review of published randomized, controlled trials. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2013; 1(1): 42-50. 
  49. Edmiston C, Daoud F, Leaper D. Is there an evidence-based argument for embracing an antimicrobial(triclosan)-coated suture technology to reduce the risk for surgical-site infections? A meta-analysis. Surgery. 2013; 154: 89-100. 
  50. Daoud FC, Edmiston CE Jr, Leaper D. Meta-analysis of prevention of surgical site infections following incision closure with triclosan-coated sutures: robustness to new evidence. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2014 Jun;15(3):165-181. 
  51. Daoud FC, Systematic literature review update of the PROUD trial: Potential Usefulness of a Collaborative Database. Surgical Infections. 2014; 15(6): 857-858. 
  52.  Apisarnthanarak A, Singh N Bandong AN, Madriaga G. Triclosan-coated sutures reduce the risk of surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 2015; 36(2): 169-79. 
  53. Guo J, Pan L, Li Y et al. Efficacy of triclosan-coated sutures for reducing risk of surgical site infection in adults: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Surgical Research. 2016; 201(1): 105-117. 
  54. Sandini M, Mattavelli I, Nespoli L, Uggeri F, Gianotti L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of sutures coated with triclosan for the prevention of surgical site infection after elective colorectal surgery according to the PRISMA statement. Medicine. 2016; 95(35): e4057. 
  55. Wu X, Kubilay NZ, Ren J et alAntimicrobial-coated sutures to decrease surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AND Correction to Antimicrobial-coated sutures to decrease surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta- analysis. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 2017; 36(1): 19-32. AND European Journal of Clinical Microbiology& Infectious Diseases. 2018; NA: NA 
  56. de Jonge S, Atema J, Solomkin J, Boermeester M. Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical-site infection. Br J Surg. 2017;104(2):e118-e133. 
  57. Leaper DJ, Edmiston Jr. CE, Holy CE. Meta-analysis of the potential economic impact following introduction of absorbable antimicrobial sutures. British Journal of Surgery. 2017; 104: e134-e144 and Ethicon, Email to Prof Leaper regarding 'Count of Patients'. April 2020. 
  58. Elsolh B, Zhang L, Patel SV. The effect of antibiotic-coated sutures on the incidence of surgical site infections in abdominal closures: a meta-analysis. Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. 2017; 18: 1-8. 
  59. Konstantelias AA, Andriakopoulou CS, Mourgela S. Triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical-site infections: a meta-analysis. Acta Chirurgica Belgica. 2017; 117(3): 137–148. 
  60. Henriksen NA, Deerenberg EB, Venclauskas L et al. Triclosan-coated sutures and surgical site infection in abdominal surgery: the TRISTAN review, metaanalysis and trial sequential analysis. Hernia. 2017; 21(6): 833-41. 
  61. Uchino M, Mizuguchi T, Ohge H, et al. SSI Prevention Guideline Committee of the Japan Society for Surgical Infection. The Efficacy of Antimicrobial-Coated Sutures for Preventing Incisional Surgical Site Infections in Digestive Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2018 Oct;22(10):1832-1841. 
  62. Hunger R, Mantke A, Herrmann C, Mantke R. [Triclosan-coated sutures in colorectal surgery: Assessment and meta-analysis of the recommendations of the WHO guideline]. Chirurg. 2019 Jan;90(1):37-46. 
  63. Ahmed I, Boulton A, Rizvi S et al. The use of triclosan-coated sutures to prevent surgical site infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. BMJ Open. 2019; 9(9): e029727. 
  64. National Institute of Health Research Unit on Global Surgery. Alcoholic chlorhexidine skin preparation or triclosan-coated sutures to reduce surgical site infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis of high-quality randomised controlled trials. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 Aug;22(8):1242-1251. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00133-5. Epub 2022 May 26. Erratum in: Lancet Infect Dis. 2022 Jun 1;: PMID: 35644158. 
  65. He P, Liu Z, Chen H, Huang G, Mao W, Li A. The role of triclosan-coated suture in preventing surgical infection: A meta-analysis. Jt Dis Relat Surg. 2023;34(1):42-49. doi: 10.52312/jdrs.2023.842. Epub 2023 Jan 14. PMID: 36700262 Free PMC article. 
  66. Otto-Lambertz C, Decker L, Adams A, Yagdiran A, Eysel P. Can triclosan-coated sutures reduce the postoperative rate of wound infection? Data from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgery. 2023 Sep;174(3):638-646. 
  67. Miyoshi N, Fujino S; Clinical Study Group of Osaka University; Colorectal Cancer Treatment Group (CSGOCG). Triclosan-coated sutures to reduce surgical site infection in abdominal gastrointestinal surgery: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Surg Open Sci. 2023 Sep 14;16:73-76. 
  68. Edwards M, Graziadio S, Shore J, et al. Plus Sutures for preventing surgical site infection: a systematic review of clinical outcomes with economic and environmental models. BMC Surg. 2023 Oct 3;23(1):300. 
  69. Suleiman AS, Abbass M, Hossain M, Choudhary P, Bhattacharya P, Islam MA. Impact of antibiotic-coated sutures on surgical site infections: a second-order meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2024 Jan 1;110(1):507-519. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000000822. PMID: 37830948; PMCID: PMC10793740. https://journals.lww.com/international-journal-of-surgery/fulltext/2024/01000/impact_of_antibiotic_coated_sutures_on_surgical.51.aspx. 
  70. Kouzu K, Tsujimoto H, Ishinuki et al. The effectiveness of fascial closure with antimicrobial-coated sutures in preventing incisional surgical site infections in gastrointestinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hosp Infect. 2024 Apr;146:174-182. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.09.006. Epub 2023 Sep 19. PMID: 37734678. 
  71. Depuydt M, Van Egmond S, Petersen SM, Muysoms F, Henriksen N, Deerenberg E. Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing surgical site infection in abdominal surgery between triclosan-coated and uncoated sutures. Hernia. 2024 May 7. doi: 10.1007/s10029-024-03045-5. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 38713430. 
  72. Jalalzadeh H, Timmer AS, Buis DR, et al. Triclosan-Containing Sutures for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2025;8(3):e250306. Published 2025 Mar 3. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.0306 
  73. Gilbert P, McBain AJ. Literature-based evaluation of the potential risks associated with impregnation of medical devices and implants with triclosan. Surg Infect(Larchmt). 2002;3 Suppl 1:S55-63. doi: 10.1089/sur.2002.3.s1-55. PMID: 12573040 
  74. Storch M, Rothenburger S, Jacinto G. Experimental efficacy study of Coated VICRYL™ Plus Antibacterial Suture in guinea pigs challenged with Staphylococcus aureus. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2004;5(3):281-288  
  75. Edmiston C, Seabrook G, Goheen M et al. Bacterial adherence to surgical sutures: can antibacterial-coated sutures reduce the risk of microbial contamination? J Am Coll Surg. 2006 Oct;203(4):481-489  
  76. Ming X, RothenburgerS, Yang D. In vitro antibacterial efficacy of Monocryl Plus Antibacterial Suture (poligelcaprone 25 with triclosan). Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2007;8(2):201-207.  
  77. Ming X, Rothenburger S, Nichols M. In vivo and in vitro antibacterial efficacy of PDS Plus (polidioxanone with triclosan) suture. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2008;9(4):451-457.  
  78. Rothenburger S, Spangler D, Bhende S, Burkley D. In vitro antimicrobial evaluation of coated Vicryl Plus Antibacterial Suture (coated polyglactin 910 with triclosan) using zone of inhibition assays. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2002;3(suppl):S79-S87 7 
  79. Kathju S, Nistico L, Tower I, Lasko LA, Stoodley P. Bacterial biofilms on implanted suture material are a cause of surgical site infection. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2014;15(5):592-600. 
  80. Schalock PC, Dunnick CA, Nedorost S, Brod B, Warshaw E, Mowad C. American Contact Dermatitis Society Core Allergen Series: 2017 Update. Dermatitis. 2017 Mar/Apr;28(2):141-143. doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000261. PMID: 28169850. 
  81. Barbolt TA. Chemistry and safety of triclosan, and its use as an antimicrobial coating on Coated VICRYL* Plus Antibacterial Suture (coated polyglactin 910 suture with triclosan). Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2002;3 Suppl 1:S45-53.doi: 10.1089/sur.2002.3.s1-45. PMID: 12573039.  
  82. Alinaghi F, Bennike NH, Egeberg A, Thyssen JP, Johansen JD. Prevalence of contact allergy in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Contact Dermatitis. 2019 Feb;80(2):77-85. doi: 10.1111/cod.13119. Epub 2018 Oct 29. PMID: 30370565. 
  83. Bhutani T, Jacob SE. Triclosan: a potential allergen in suture-lineallergic contact dermatitis. Dermatol Surg. 2009 May;35(5):888-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.2009.01151.x. Epub 2009 Mar 30. PMID: 19389086. 
  84. Ismail FF, Nixon R. Allergic contact dermatitis to triclosan-coated suture material. Contact Dermatitis. 2020 May;82(5):330-331. doi: 10.1111/cod.13476. Epub 2020 Feb 5. PMID: 31951289.  
  85. Kowal, Jamie L. et al. CE-454611-2 Triclosan allergy mimicking infection. Heart Rhythm 2023, Volume 20, Issue 5, S9. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.03.216 
  86. Food and Drug Administration. Safety and Effectiveness of Consumer Antiseptics; Topical Antimicrobial Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use. Federal Register. 2016. https:__www.federalregister.gov_documents_2016_09_06_2016-21337_safety-and-effectiveness-of-consumer-antiseptics-topical-antimicrobial-drug-products-for. Accessed May 5, 2020.  
  87. Food and Drug Administration. Safety and Effectiveness of Health Care Antiseptics; Topical Antimicrobial Drug Products for Over-the-Counter Human Use. Federal Register. 2017. https:__www.federalregister.gov_documents_2017_12_20_2017-27317_safety-and-effectiveness-of-health-care-antiseptics-topical-antimicrobial-drugproducts-for. Accessed May 5, 2020. 
  88. de Jonge SW, Atema JJ, Solomkin JS, Boermeester MA. Meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of triclosan-coated sutures for the prevention of surgical-site infection. Br J Surg. 2017;104(2):e118-e133.  
  89. Berrios-Torres SI, Umscheid CA, Bratzler DW, et al. Centers for disease control and prevention guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection, 2017. JAMA Surg. 2017;152(8):784-791.  
  90. Ban KA, Minei JP, Laronga C, et al. American college of surgeons and surgical infection society: surgical site infection guidelines, 2016 update. J Am Coll Surg. 2017; 224(1):59-74.  
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