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Types of Fractures

Stable Fracture (Non-displaced)
In this type of fracture, the ends of your broken bones are aligned and do not require realignment. Most patients with stable fractures are advised to use a cast or splint and take rest to heal the fracture.1,2

Displaced Fracture
In this type of fracture, the ends of your broken bones are barely aligned, and you may require surgery to realign the broken bone sections.3

Open Fracture
This form of fracture is also known as a compound fracture. It occurs when a fractured bone protrudes from the skin, resulting in a wound at the fracture site that can lead to infection and bleeding. Treatment of this fracture is challenging and requires surgery (internal and external fixation).4

Closed Fracture
In this form of fracture, the bone is fractured but the skin is not broken.3

Stress Fracture
This form of fracture often occurs in the lower leg or foot as a tiny crack in the bone. It can be caused due to repeated high stress from activities like intense running beyond normal or incase bone is highly weak it may crack easily.5

Greenstick Fracture
It is a small crack on one side of the bone that results in the bending of a bone. Children are more susceptible to this type of fracture as their bones are soft and flexible.6

Comminuted Fracture
In the case of this type of fracture, the bone is broken into multiple fragments.1 This type of fracture may take more time to heal than other types of fractures.7

Compression Fracture
This type of fracture occurs when two bones are compressed.3 It commonly occurs in the vertebrae (the bones of the spine). It is common in older people, especially those with osteoporosis.8

Avulsion Fracture
In this form of fracture, a part of the bone attached to soft tissue (such as ligament and tendon) gets pulled away from the main bone. This type of fracture commonly occurs in the elbow, ankle, and hip.9
How To Manage Fractures?
In the event of injury, if you feel you may have a fracture or if you are experiencing redness and swelling around the fracture site, consult your doctor right away. A healthcare provider can accurately identify the fracture and provide effective treatment.3
References
1. AAOS. Orthoinfo. Fractures (Broken Bones). [Internet] [Cited 28 April 2022] Available from: orthoinfo.aaos.org
2. Dalal S. and Barrie J.L. Do patients with stable foot and ankle fractures want a cast? Orthopedic Proceedings 2012 94-B: SUPP_XXII, 52-52.
3. Cleveland Clinic. Bone fractures. [Internet] [Cited 28 April 2022]. Available from: my.clevelandclinic.org
4. AAOS. Orthoinfo. Open Fractures. [Internet] [Cited 28 April 2022]. Available from: orthoinfo.aaos.org
5. Mayo Clinic. Stress Fractures. Symptoms and causes. [Internet] [Cited 28 April 2022]. Available from: www.mayoclinic.org
6. Mayo Clinic. Greenstick Fractures. Symptoms and causes. [Internet] [Cited 28 April 2022]. Available from: www.mayoclinic.org
7. Cleveland Clinic. Comminuted Fracture. [Internet] [Cited 28 April 2022]. Available from: my.clevelandclinic.org
8. Cleveland Clinic. Compression Fractures. [Internet] [Cited 28 April 2022]. Available from: my.clevelandclinic.org
9. Mayo Clinic. Avulsion Fracture: How is it treated? [Internet] [Cited 28 April 2022]. Available from: www.mayoclinic.org
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